什么叫'五段式'论证
一,五段论式:
................引言段............................
.................论证段(2-3).....................
.................让步段............................
.................结尾段............................
<一>开头段:旗帜鲜明的说出自己的论点:
A> 引题 1)一般用3.4句介绍当前的形式和现象
not uncommom, be of no exception,
irited co olation 精神安慰
2)介绍双方观点some people argue(maintain, claim, suggest, hold, i isit)give priority to ,put the first place
3)提问 how can we solve the problem
4)结合使用
5)连续发问式(3,4个,语言要求高)
6)个人经历式(过去式,不要过长)
7)欲扬先抑式:先说对方观点的好处，不过用嘲讽的语气.
8)名人名言及谚语式
gt;说出观点 1-2句
1)直接说出 I think (believe hold )that
I would point out that
I ca ot help thinking
It seems quite clear to me that
In my point, ..........as far as i am concerned
From /in my point of view
As far as I am able to judge
As far as I tell
As I see it
The way I look at it is
2)用一个让步状语,先说出对方观点,再说自己的观点
Although, while, de ite
3)先说一个观点,然后说出自己是否同意如果同意:
I a olutely/completely agree with /to it (the opinion/ point /solution /suggestion)
I could not agree more to...
I would go alone with...
I am for
I vote for
...is a olutely true
...is what I think
...is exactly /just how I see it
object:
I really ca ot accept it
i wonder whether it can hold water /bear much analysis
4)引题已经说出双方观点,说明自己同意哪一个
5)在介绍双方观点是顺便说出自己的
One.... others.... including me /like me, and that is also my opinion.
<二>论证段?
主题句 支持句 (结尾句)
A>topic sentence(主题句)
1.一定要有,放在句首
2.意思明确,结构简单(pl 见笔记9)
3.主题句要有表示程度的连接词,但最好不要用firstly也不要每个主题句都有这些连接词
4.主题句不能太具体，也不能特别抽象
5.主题句不能包括恋歌不同含义的并列内容
gt u orting sentences(支持句)
1.每个理由段要写3-5句支持句.
2.支持句应该大部分是复杂的句子.
3.写支持句的三种思路:
1)并列论证(平行论证):几个小点
递进论证
2)事实论证:讲故事 或 具体的事物
3)对比论证:说两个对方不好,再说三个自己的好
4.五种论据
1)事实
2)
3)统计数据
4)名人名言
5)假设 imagine, su ose if
5.写的连贯
1)用连接词(详见单词书201)
因果:because,as ,for ,since, lead to ,result in (from), contribute to co equently, hence ,so ,therefore, as a result ,as a co equence, accordingly
递进:furthermore, what's more ,moreover,incidentally, meanwhile, besides, particularly. similarly at the same time , in addition,
转折:but ,however, conversely ,anyway, de tie,
although ,though , likewise, nevertherle ,otherwise, after all, all the same (虽然,但是) at the same time (可是) not withstanding(虽然) on the contrary
: 连词:because ,as ,for ,since, even if , although when 主句.conj 从句
副词:主句,adv,主句
2)使用代词
3)关键词的重复要用同义词
C>conclusion sentence (optional)
1.改写本理由段主题句
2.引起下一理由段
:可以平均分配,但最好有所重点,把写的多的好的放在第一段,但也不要相差悬殊(6.5.4; 6 4 4 7 5 4)
<三>让步段(可选择)
1.内容:自己观点的不好，别人观点的好
2.目的:顶字,平衡而客观
3.选材避重就轻
4.在让步段的最后最好又回到自己的观点上来:
1)自己观点的不好都能解决
2)对方更大的不好
3)自己更大的好
<四>结尾段
1.重申观点
2,改写各理由段的主题句
3.结合现实,展望未来，提出解决问题的建议，提出希望,名人名言谚语,反问，类比.
4.结合